CIVILIZATIONS THAT PASSESD THROUGH ALGERIA IN BC TO THE BEGINNING OF THE GREGORIAN DATE

Prehistoric desert in the Stone Age flourished due to the presence of rain in that period, and found drawings depicting the details of the daily life of the old man, and found footprints in the foot of ancient archaeological sites dating back some two million years, in addition to the remains of some stone tools used by man  .  The Phoenician era The influence of the Phoenicians who founded the city of Cartagena on the Tunisian coast extended to Algeria, because of their control over the trade of the Mediterranean, and established coastal cities in Algeria as trading stations such as: Oran, Kabjaايةa, and Cherchell, and Algerian relations with the Phoenicians in Carthage was friendly, and this was manifested in  The Phoenicians were not interested in the political expansion of the territory of Algeria as much as they were interested in investment, and this negatively affected their relationship with the Berbers who felt exploitation and cruelty in dealing.  During the Roman period, the Roman era was called Caesarean Mauritania from the eastern part ruled by Ptolemy the son of Yuba, after his assassination by Caligula, who changed the name of the administrative capital of Caesarea in memory of Octavius Augustus, and made it similar to the Hellenistic cities.  The Romans established many paved roads, which were primarily for military purposes, but they were used in commercial activity.This led to a high standard of living and education and the emergence of many Berber philosophers and artists, especially after the spread of Christianity.  Amazigh The Amazigh kingdom, liberated from the Carthaginian grip, included the Middle and Far Maghreb.It was called the Kingdom of Numidia.Rome helped Numidia in its conflict with the Carthaginians in the beginning, but soon turned against it and sent its armies to restore Morocco to its grip.  The Vandals and the Byzantines Vandals were able to occupy Algeria after passing to North Africa through the Strait of Gibraltar and occupying the Far East of Morocco at first, seizing and settling the fertile areas of North Africa, and then came the Byzantines to rule the entire North Africa and at the heart of it Algeria, until the Islamic conquest.